Chemical and pharmaceutical companies protect their investment in research and development and the future of the companies by securing patents on their inventions. Patents help you resist competition. Success or failure of the company often depends on the strength of the patent. The words in the patent document must meet rigid formality requirements under the patent laws. Even if the invention covered by the patent is a fantastic one, the court will throw out the patent if it violates any one of the formality requirements.

The patent document is normally divided into several sections, for example, one section describing the background of the invention, another section describing the invention as a summary, another section describing the drawings of your invention, yet another section describing in detail how to make and use the invention, and a final section that lists various aspects of your invention in numbered sentences, typically from 1 to 20. These numbered sentences or claims form the most important section of the patent.

It is the claims that define the invention. When a competitor wants to design around your invention, he will look to the language of the claims. When you sue someone for infringing your invention, the court will look at the claims in your patent. It is clear that the claims are of paramount importance.

The patent contains independent claims and dependent claims. Dependent claims will refer back to an earlier claim. Independent claims do not refer back to any other claim. For example, dependent claim 2 will refer back to independent claim 1. When dependent claims refer back to other claims, they should meet certain rigid formality requirements, one of which is that the dependent claim cannot be broader in scope than the claim it refers back to. Thus, for example, if claim 1 describes a drug in acid form or its salt form, claim 2 can describe the drug in salt form. However, if claim 1 describes only the acid form, claim 2 cannot describe the salt form. If it so describes, then claim 2 will be broader than claim 1, which is forbidden under the patent laws.

In a recently concluded battle between pharmaceutical giant Pfizer Inc. and generic drug maker Ranbaxy Laboratories, the generic drug maker was able to knock out a patent that covered the blockbuster drug Lipitor. The patent claim that Pfizer asserted against Ranbaxy was held invalid by the high court. Here, Pfizer asserted claim 6 describing a calcium salt of the drug against the opponent. Claim 6 referred back to claim 2 which described an acid form of the drug but not the salt form. The high court held that claim 6 cannot properly refer back to claim 2. The harsh result faced by Pfizer is somewhat surprising because it was believed by many that a court would not look at the form over substance, just as the lower court did. The lower court was reluctant to find fault with the patent claim.

The high court opinion emphasizes the fact that filing a winning patent requires careful consideration of various legal concepts including the intricate formality requirements of the patent law.

Copyright 2006

By: Xavier Pillai

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Obtaining a patent isn’t necessarily that difficult, however understanding patent laws can be very difficult. Many people hire a patent lawyer to make sure they understand patent laws and how to avoid patent infringement.

Some people try to decipher patent laws themselves, but as they progress through the process and realize the remarkably steep financial penalties for patent infringement, many people who were not originally intending to hire a patent lawyer end up doing so anyway. Deciphering patent laws as an individual can be mind boggling.

Avoiding patent infringement is the most important step in attempting to obtain a patent. Obtaining a patent that has already been filed is not likely to happen; however, the patent offices are not responsible for patent infringement. The individual who is guilty of patent infringement, whether intentional or not, is going to be held accountable.

Patent laws, in all of their intrinsic complications, are best left to interpretation by the experts. Especially if it is a first attempt at obtaining a patent, a patent lawyer can help save time, money, and precious brain power. Of course, cutting out a patent lawyer may save money in the early stages, but the cost of a patent infringement lawsuit is typically not worth the few dollars by comparison that it costs to hire a patent lawyer.

Obtaining a patent only to find out that you’re guilty of patent infringement is a waste of everything, time, money, and that precious brain power. It is faster and safer to simply hire a patent lawyer to cut out the possibility of patent infringement.

Patent laws, just like trademark laws or copyright laws, are designed to protect inventors of all venues, large and small. Patent lawyers work equally as hard for large corporate clients as they do for small one time inventors. Everyone has a good idea from time to time, and when a good idea is unique and original, it is always best to work at obtaining a patent to protect the unique integrity of the idea.

Hiring a patent lawyer is just one step in protecting yourself from patent infringement, either committing it or being a party to it. Patent lawyers are remarkably well versed in knowledge that it would take a first time attempt at obtaining a patent. Obtaining a patent for the first time is just as much a learning curve as it is an experience in patent law.

Learning patent laws through experience is a valuable experience, especially with the protected guidance of a qualified patent lawyer. A patent lawyer can literally take you through the ins and outs of patent law safely and accurately without having to risk the horrible damnation of patent infringement.

The likelihood of patent infringement reduces by nearly 80% with the assistance of a qualified patent lawyer. Obtaining a patent for the first or even third time alone increases the likelihood of patent infringement. This is because patent laws change drastically from region to region and from year to year.

While some patent laws cover the entire country, other patent laws are specific to a region or a product or a plant, or something of the like. Each patent category has its own set of patent laws, whether a new plant has been developed or a new computer enhancement has been invented, patent laws for each category are equally as complex as basic patent laws, once again requiring a patent lawyer to help decipher them. Regardless of what type of patent you are attempting to obtain, obtaining a patent with complete guidance is always the better route.

When hiring a patent lawyer, it is a good idea to cover the basics, such as asking questions about their track record with defending or prosecuting patent infringement cases or if any of their clients have ended up being accused of patent infringement despite being represented by a patent lawyer. These things are now easier to check up on thanks to the proliferation of the Internet, which was patented under the guidance of an attorney.

Hiring a patent lawyer is a good decision. Hiring an excellent patent lawyer is a better decision. Don’t be afraid to research candidates just as you would research anything else. The goal is to be successful at obtaining a patent, which is likely if you have an original idea. You want the protection of a high quality patent lawyer to avoid patent infringement, be protected from patent infringement, and to successfully obtain a patent.

By: Nick Johnson

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